2008/08/30

An email to a friend - about Topping the Gold Medal List

M.C.,

Your mail has just arrived in the right time when I am going to write something for my stupid blog.

I thought you had been flown into the Bird's Nest to enjoy two full weeks of Olympic spiritual intoxication.
Just watching on TV the technically flawless and spectacular performances in the opening ceremony could have thrown you into ecstasies, couldn't it?

It looks like you are still very much intoxicated, much more than those teen gymnastic angels who won all those gold medals for adding to the glory of the glorious ancient nation.
I hope that you would turn sober and less sentimental when you wake up a couple of days later.

And you should work out a bit to keep fitter in order to glorify the ancient nation yourself, and not leave the heavy burden to the Party, the government, and also the athletes which include all those very young gymnastic angels, who have been trained like hell since they were tiny little girls, and also the drop-out hurdler Liu Xiang who let many of his irrational worshippers extremely down.

Our nation's being able to top the list of gold medals is of course good, so good that it should have been achieved decades earlier, but certainly not good enough to convince some of the Westerners that China is worth their respect and recognition that the Party is so eager to earn.
And some Westerners still have an impregnable sense of superiority that can hardly be updated, certainly not by counting of gold medals or something like that.
You show them purposely you can achieve something, you do it in vain. What you get in return could be deeper hatred and contempt instead of recognition. This could be racism, and not confined to racism.

The Olympic achievements are great. They are worth more than 300 billion yuan. Beijing is now a modern metropolis. Yet in many remote provincial rural areas there are still utterly poor young children and teenagers deprived of decent education. And there are still towns and villages that could easily be liquefied by an earthquake.

Of course we want the rest of the world to learn more about us, even though we haven't sufficiently learnt about the rest of the world yet, despite that we have sent students by the million to the Western world to study and copy.
But what exactly are we? Do we really know ourselves well in the first place? Have we learnt about our ancient civilization, our culture and history adequately for telling the rest of the world what made us as we are?
I am afraid not, simply because education and academic studies are still subject to strict ideology control in the Mainland.
Just how we should talk about the Great Helmsman Chairman Mao and the Cultural Revolution is rather tricky.
How we should talk about the KMT-CCP civil war and the Mainland-Taiwan status-quo is even trickier. The mainlanders can only be free to talk about the issues in the Party's viewpoint.
To talk about the 1989 Tian'anmen Square Incident could be the trickiest, even in this tiny little free region of China.
These are some of the topics that may interest the ordinary Westerners, who really care about China, more than the 4 ancient inventions do.

By the way, I would like to talk about the invitation of the governor of Tokyo 東京都知事 to the Beijing Olympics opening ceremony.
Beijing broad-mindedly invited Ishihara Shintaro 石原慎太郎 to the opening ceremony.
Ishihara is a writer turned right-wing politician who would spare no efforts to intentionally agitate the Chinese government and people. He hates the Chinese and the Koreans with his whole heart. He denies that the Japanese committed the Nanjing massacre. He says the Chinese fabricated the story. And he says if the U.S. goes to war with China, the U.S. will lose because the Americans value human lives and the Chinese do not.
This is definitely not a friend of China and the Chinese people. Yet China did the right thing inviting this man to the ceremony.
Having seen in the massive group dance the purposely chosen Han character 和, which may mean harmony or peace, and is also the name of the Japanese domninant ethnic people (大和民族 Yamato minzoku), to which he belongs, Ishihara so far has not say things really bad of the Chinese, at least not openly. He even praised the student volunteers he encountered.
Now Tokyo is bidding to host the 2016 Olympics, so Ishihara must have known it all too well that he should better conceal his deep-rooted hatred and contempt in order to sound friendly.
I can't speculate where Ishihara's hatred comes from. But his contempt is rather comprehensible. We demand an official apology for what the Japanese committed in Nanjing, we have a rough number of the victims slaughtered. But as of the Cultural Revolution and the Tian'anmen Incident, our government seems to have kept no account at all. This is more than enough for the Japanese contempt to be based on.

Of course it's good that China has won so many Olympic gold medals this time.
But when you are at the top, challengers converge to engage you, and you simply have to train harder still to face new challenges. A more hellish training life will be awaiting the gifted athletes if they are determined to stay at the top of the list. Even a nation with such a huge population base of 1.3 billion strong could not have much of the upper hand.

Excelling in international athletic games and sports competitions is only one of the many aspects in terms of indicating the quality and well-being of a nation's citizens, just like excelling personally in an athletic or sports performance is only one of the many aspects in terms of indicating the quality of the person's life. Those who run really fast might not even necessarily be really healthy, or happy.

Our beloved nation has occupied the top place of the golden Olympics now. Yet the nation is yet to claim its people are among the strongest and healthiest.

It takes only a few years to train an Olympic gold medalist, but it takes decades to educate an ordinary person.

2008/08/24

Pain and boredom – Watching an Olympic event on TV

When very few can tell what the so-called Olympic Spirit is all about, many just enjoy watching athletes competing in the One World's One Arena, probably for bringing about One Dream of a certain kind by having empathy for their athletic idols.

Winning of the Olympic gold medal surely helps to boost patriotism. It is especially true for the Chinese in particular, who have spent more than 300 billion yuan on hosting the Games, and historically topped the list of the gold medals.

Many are simply so intoxicated with their athletic idols 'striking gold'. And it feels just as good seeing the hoisting of the 5-starred red flag and hearing the national anthem.

With good drinks and snacks, and also the comfort of the couch and air-conditioning, the Olympic Spirit brings very little into the cozy home in terms of inspiring people to do sweating physical exercise to keep the body and soul sound and fit.

Thanks to the acceleration of globalization, the Olympiad has already become a tiny little bit of the international show business now, without quite losing its illegitimate and subtle role in international politics though. Now even very unfit people love to watch the fittest, toughest or strongest of the world deliver incredible physical performances, just like some who cannot tell the note C sharp from C could have a true love for a certain kind of music.

I think the secret is empathy. Empathy can work in such a way that when you listen to a soprano singing beautifully, you feel like doing the same. When you watch athletes compete on TV, you feel like getting tired and hungry easily just sitting in the couch doing nothing but exclaiming with admiration. You may be desirous of an extra cushion and some extra calories.

When you are not willing to do something hard for your body to stay fit, you can always find a super sports idol who can do it for you perfectly well, provided that your empathy works effectively to enable you to become a faithful fan. As a faithful fan you dream what your idol actually does in the arena. And, of course, you contribute to your idol’s wealthiness by purchasing commodities that your idol advocates on TV and other media. I wonder if this phenomenon could be called sporto-commercialism, or sporto-patrio-commercialism.

Though I don't mind my patriotism being updated by simply watching the Beijing Olympic Games, I haven't enjoyed more than a handful of them on TV yet. My HDD recorder has been programmed to do its job so as to enable me to enjoy watching some of the events in later hours or later days if I would like to. But it is a pity that I have already missed most of those spectacular performances that must have shown the ultimate power of the human body and mind.

One of those games I didn't actually miss was the inaugural10 km open water swimming for women, young women only, of course.

There was a smart and powerful Russian girl called Larisa Ilchenko who harvested the gold medal after adhering to the feet of the British swimmers nearly all the way to the finish. She kept so funny a distance that her hands could have tapped the feet of one of the Brits ahead every now and then. It was not in the last couple of hundred or so metres that she overtook the British duo and led to the end to win the exhausting race. But this teen swimmer did not seem the least exhausted at all.

One of the British girls was annoyed, and she made some remarks about the German girl Maurer who came in fourth. She said it was not sportsmanship pulling on someone's feet. Of course it was not. But who cares! That German was no sportsman after all, she was a sportswoman.

That complaining girl has the same last name as the last British Governor of Hong Kong, which is Patten, which as an English word also means wooden shoe. This young Patten, who does float like a wooden shoe, was dubbed Britain's gold medal hope for the inaugural event. She failed to grab it. No wonder she was annoyed enough to have a word.

The other girl of the duo who nearly 'struck gold' was Payne. Well, she failed the glittering heavy metal for just being slow for as little as only one and a half seconds after having led for almost 2 long hours. Her last name Payne might not have anything to do with the word pain which pronounces exactly the same. She actually didn't show the least pain at all after completing the contention course. She seemed more than content with that bit of silver. Her smiles could be true, for she was not Britain's gold medal hope this time.

Even so, just what huge load of pain this young lady must have endured before she could be rewarded with that Olympic silver medal! She must not have been convinced that she still couldn't beat the teen Russian super power this time in Beijing. She had certainly trained for the gold, and not the silver.

I don't know what it is like stroking the water with the two arms and kicking it with the two feet in a man-made lake for two long hours on end, covering a distance of 10 whole kilometres, facing downward seeing nothing but lake water, and smelling the ecology of it, and also putting up with the irritating frequent tapping on the sensitive feet by a particular competitor unbeaten for 4 long years in other distance swimming. I cannot imagine going along with such boredom and nuisance for most of the 2 hard hours, and being engaged in some 'water wrestling' scenes to receive some kicking, knocking, grabbing and pulling. It just has to be painful. This young Payne didn't say a word about that.

This long distance swimming race reminds me that I do know something about the pain and boredom covering a distance of a whole 10 kilometres, by walking for nothing in my case of course, instead of swimming for an Olympic medal, in the dark immediately after sunset when there is not much left in the wilderness for viewing, with a backpack heavy enough to crush the spine, along the trail with rugged sections, uphill and down, from a remote site back to the road, racing with time for the last bus bound for town.

I don't enjoy very much doing nothing else but walk, and walk, and walk in the dark, for 3 long hours on end. Although I am used to long walk with a heavy load, it is still rather boring for the mind, and a bit painful for the body and limbs.

But certainly it is no match for a 10 km swimming, with the face immersed all the time; not to mention the competitive part, in which the body wants to quit, but the mind orders it to keep going as fast as IMPOSSIBLE in order to win a medal, followed by a lot of fame and money of course!

Most Olympic athletes have to endure much pain and stress during training and competing. They always want to, or dream to beat the others, so as to be the winner for a time. For this they endure all kinds of pain and stress to train really hard. Having such dream, never waking up, and always aiming at a higher goal makes a good part of the Olympic Spirit.

Yet many participants who have the same dream realistically know they have no chance of victory at all in this World Arena, they participate for the sake of participation. They pile up to support the stage of pride, glory and fame. And this also makes a good part of the Olympic Spirit.

Then at the end of the day they count the medals. And this also makes a good part of the Olympic Spirit.

For the non-sports world, the Olympics could have cheered up the spirits of billions of ordinary people who hardly do any physical exercise at all. Most wouldn't even climb a single flight of stairs during this short period of summer time, not before the Olympic fortnight, and not after it.

2008/08/16

排律――盂蘭後野營

盂蘭過後九天清,晝熱依然夜露盈。
蝠鼠迴飛河漢淺,蟾蜍匿伏月輪明。
岡谿跋涉無難處,莽澤穿踰有蹇程。
暮止高坡蚊蚋少,晨攀峻嶺霧雲輕。
銀篷俯瞰晶如雪,碧海遙觀燦若瓊。
疾步崎嶇臨澗秀,舒停坦坳入林青。
孤坪晌午聽琴調,逖野黃昏和鳥鳴。
茍得狐仙來續韻,危崖邃藪折芳馨。

丙戌七月二十日於營地

歌唱祖國

北京奧運會開幕式上,一個綻展「革命樣板幸福笑容」的小姑娘唱出了「革命歌曲」《歌唱祖國》的最新版本。 在豐滿的管絃樂團伴奏之下,清純婉轉、稚嫩柔美的歌聲,迎來了一面五星紅旗。 平展方正的紅旗由來自56個民族、穿戴華麗傳統民族服飾、步履輕捷、笑容爛漫的兒童送到場上,交給八位偉岸的方隊升旗手。 然後國歌奏起,國旗冉冉上升。

這場面,讓人看著感動、欣慰。 56個民族,包括民族情緒最不穩定,能給西方「半個世界」,圓那「香格里拉」「一個夢想」的藏族。 這不容易呀。

這讓我又想到了達賴喇嘛。 他老人家大抵不看電視吧。倘使泥足入世,不慎為了看看法蘭西的浪漫總統會不會臨時變卦開溜,竟然瞜了幾眼,且又看到了藏族小朋友也在其中,恐怕難免觸景生情,沒準要嘟囔幾句不太好聽的話了。 嗐!民族!

這幾天達拉姆薩拉似乎沒什麼動靜。擁護達賴的沒說什麼,反對他的也沒幹什麼。 有話要說的,卻是西方傳媒。然而非關民族大事,而是關於兩個小姑娘。 中國女孩在西方就有這種魅力,讓他們刨根究柢!

他們大肆報道,真正為「祖國」「歌唱」了的小姑娘,竟非站在台上的小妙可,而是另有其人!

據說為了照顧國家形象,歌唱祖國的小姑娘,必須具備完美的容貌和嗓音;奈何中國之大,二者竟然不可兼得;不得已而就其所美,擷取所需;容貌取用九歲的小妙可,嗓音卻用上了七歲的小沛宜。

如果讓我這個今日「東亞病夫」說了算,我讓倆小姑娘並肩登台,同聲合唱。 妙可之音固「可」,沛宜之貌亦「宜」。

北京奧運舉行一星期,中國已贏得了金牌二十多枚,暫居世界首位。 這個在六十年前還只能生產「東亞病夫」的中國,如今就能培養出那麼些世界第一的運動員!

然而,要從十三個億的人口之中,選出一個――只是一個――「才貌雙全」的小姑娘,來為親愛的祖國歌唱,原來竟然不能夠! 而落得又一個弄虛作假的名聲,平白在西方世界面前,增丟國份!

我看,中國人迷信精英,大抵已經到了「走火入魔」的危險境地了,竟至於要在十歲以下的小姑娘群中,實施完美主義!

《歌唱祖國》原曲作於1950年,是中華人民共和國成立一週年的慶典頌歌,文化大革命時因應「革命形勢」而改了詞,加入了對「偉大領袖毛澤東」的歌頌,如今國家又有了新的形勢,於是刪節原版,去掉革命色彩濃厚的詞句,呈獻於世界之前。

我看,這一改,意義重大。 願意「改良」,願意「修正」,就一定不會再說「革命不是請客吃飯」那樣的話了。

在《歌唱祖國》首唱五十多年後的今天,中國的小姑娘雖然仍在「歌唱我們親愛的祖國,從今走向繁榮富強」,但這個中國,已然脫胎換骨,成為世界奧林匹克「俱樂部」的最強國之一了。

然而中國國民的體魄、文化的普遍素質,顯然遠遠未達「國際先進水平」。 至於領導精英們的水平嘛,嗐!

2008/08/13

樂作「遨林癖客」,願為「東亞病夫」

我可是「遨林癖客」。
我正是「東亞病夫」。

第二十九屆奧林匹克運動會在我國首都北京舉行。香港作為「境外」城市,以「中國香港」名義,協辦其中馬術比賽。

馬術這玩意是西方發達國家「資產階級」貴族和上流社會的傳統「優雅」消閒活動。中國作為一個沒有淑女、紳士,由「無產階級專政」的發展中社會主義國家,在先明、前清的皇統不得復辟,而「新興貴族」的正統又未得確立的當下,要舉辦這種「格調高貴」的活動,難免略嫌「僭越」,恐招「八佾舞於庭」之詈。 如今把項目慷慨贈與「境外」,讓曾經「貴為」英國皇家屬土的香港特別行政區來協辦,正好婉轉地迴避了這「若隱若現,似有還無」的「階級尷尬」。

為了尊重來港參加比賽的西方貴賓運動員和名種名駒,特別行政區政府要求兩家電力公司,在此「盛事」舉行期間,協力「減排」,不讓空氣質量進一步惡化。 方法當然不是減少發電,而是暫時多下點本,增加使用高價的天然氣,和超低硫煤炭,作為渦輪發動機的燃料。 奇怪的是,兩家電力公司竟都樂為之。

然而,香港的八月,是那麼酷熱而潮濕,幾乎無以復加。 必須盛裝策馬,從容競技的淑女和紳士,於是不免要遇上另一種尷尬,就是要禁受熱汗淋漓,華服濕透的「自然尷尬」。 至於他們胯下的名種騏驥,那是有苦不會說呢。

還沒完呢。 香港雖曾貴為英國皇家屬土,可是沒有因此漸染多少「高貴」的歐洲上流社會文化氣息。市民不分貧富,只學會了賭賽馬可以贏錢,並不知道馬術為何物。 嗐呀,這可是個不小的「文化尷尬」呀!

奧林匹克的運動項目包括了競技、比速、角力等性質的較量。 奧運會其實就是個世界終極「競技場」。 競爭者雖然各自隸屬國家隊伍,除了一些團體項目如球類等隊際比賽,實際是個人爭奪世界第一。也就是說,贏得金牌者,就算是被「確認」為有關項目的全球人類最優秀個體了。

中華人民共和國自1984年參加奧運以來,成績進步神速,目前已超越日本自1920年以來所獲金牌總數。 今年得據主辦國的有利陣地,如果超越美國,成為取得金牌最多的國家,該不算是意料之外的事吧。畢竟中國的人口不少,要比美國多出十個億呢。

不過,就算取得金牌超越美國,獎牌總數肯定還會有些距離。

美國三億人口之中,有全球人種作選擇,有利於應對不同運動項目,選出最適的先天體型和體質,又有先進的運動科學和醫療作後盾,運動員的普遍水平自然較高。 在這些方面,中國可要相形見絀。

美國雖有貧富懸殊的問題,但大致是個整體富裕的社會,各級教育普及,一般國民的運動風氣,要比發展中的中國盛行多了。 然而,競賽運動嘛,誰需要普及呢!只要訓練出足夠的冠軍級運動員就好。目前中國就能以極端精英主義方式,和超高強度的「全職」訓練,在人口大國這個優勢之下,培養出為數不多的世界級運動員。

回顧往昔,遠在1936年,國民黨治下的中華民國派隊參加柏林奧運會,可是百餘名運動員毫無表現,竟然「盡吃鴨蛋」,空手而回,又一次被譏為「東亞病夫」。

作為祖輩曾被呼為「病夫」的中國人,看到今天中國運動員能在奧林匹克賽場上奪得可觀數量的金牌,當然感到高興。

時至今日,這始自清末,貫串民國的恥辱已然洗雪,國人大可無須耿耿於懷了吧。

然而,這些獲獎運動員,畢竟只是國家有系統、有步驟地重點栽培的少數天才精英。 他們獻出青春,刻苦鍛煉,脫穎而出,贏得國家發給的大額獎金和國際榮譽,但對於整體國民體質的實際提高,大概不會起到多大啟發和鼓勵的作用。

很多城市居民,特別是正放暑假的青年學生,在這十幾天的奧運盛會期間,或會天天在家「懷運」,守在電視機前,看比賽,數金牌,頻吃喝,儘談論,不唯暫停四體活動,抑且增加熱量攝入,導致發胖迅速,肚皮鼓脹,心中「懷運」,而身似懷孕,對健康非常不利!

美國一直作為「奧運獎牌第一國」,國民的運動風氣比較盛行。然而,因缺少運動和過度嗜食引致的慢性疾病,卻為醫療人員的致富,提供無窮的機會;為醫院、藥廠的暴利,提供絕對的保證。 由此可見,精英運動競賽無疑具有很高的觀賞價值,但是運動員的「神速、奇技」卻可羨不可學,一般人不會仿效,也不能仿效,因而在鼓勵人們鍛煉身體方面,起不了多大的模範作用。

作為一個香港居民,祖國首都舉辦奧運,而特區協辦項目,我當然感到歡欣鼓舞。但在鼓舞之餘,不免陷入遐思,我竟然這麼想:倘使拿我這四體一軀,去和1936年代表中國「參奧」的一百多位運動員評比一下,那我比那諸位被譏為「東亞病夫」的運動員,也許還要更「病」上九點九九分呢!

想到這裏,我的「懷運」之心已然涼透。正好週末又到,於是背起了我那只有27公斤的破背包,冒著酷暑,離城到野外「避運」去。

我如常作我的「遨林癖客」,跋涉攀踰,到那山林深處,搭個帳篷,在這「同一個世界」的一處荒境野域,做我個人的「實況迷夢」。

我可不要呆在電視機前,嚼著美國薯片,喝著德國啤酒,觀看首都「鳥巢」賽場直播中國選手贏得金牌。 我也無意和他們隔著二千公里的空氣,共圓「同一個夢想」。

2008年8月9日

2008/08/08

電郵致友人――從孫中山先生蔑稱滿人為異種談起

Old C.,

你提到「國父」這尊號,我想在這裏說得精確些,這是中華民國對孫中山先生的尊稱。

今天在海峽彼岸,中華民國國號的存在是個客觀事實,中華民國的建國政黨――國民黨的存在,也是個客觀事實。國民黨人,和認同國民黨或中華民國的台灣人民,還是一如既往,把孫中山先生尊稱為「國父」。
但是矢志於「台獨」的民進黨人,和認同「台獨」,而否認「中國人」身分的寶島居民,他們就絕對不會稱呼孫中山先生為「國父」了。

至於海峽此岸,中華人民共和國的專政政黨,也就是中國共產黨,和共產黨領導下的「中國國民黨革命委員會」,則稱孫中山先生為「偉大的革命先行者」。中華人民共和國無所謂「國父」,若說份量相若的對應詞,該數「偉大領袖和導師」了。

孫中山臭罵吳三桂、洪承疇、曾國藩、左宗棠之徒為「漢奸」,又罵滿清皇朝的統治民族為「異種」,大概有其政治現實意義。我猜,當時他要不用「漢奸」、「異種」的罵法,不打起「驅除韃虜」的旗幟,六萬萬人口之中,少數有志之士「拋頭顱,灑熱血」的革命熱忱,恐怕就沒那麼容易喚起了。

孫中山寫《太平天國戰史》,宣揚太平天國事蹟,以洪秀全為起義先驅,以為仿效對象。這些主要是為政治、起義服務的立論和用詞,恐怕只在「實戰」上有比較大的意義吧。

起義呀,畢竟不是「請客吃飯」;那是殺對方的頭,和掉自家腦袋的事!以「異種」蔑稱滿人,當然反映了孫中山先生的種族觀念,還沒趕上今天的「世界先進水平」;但審諸當時民生、國運的惡劣情況,審諸統治階級一貫嚴格保守「滿漢隔離」的傳統,視漢人為三等,置諸滿、蒙之下,實在其恨可諒,情非得已,未可求全責備也。

在入關之初,作為大清皇朝的統治階級和宗族軍隊,所謂「滿人」和「旗人」,都只是新生概念,一如「滿文」之為新創事物,傳承歷史短淺。「滿人」作為一個族群的名稱,在概念上還遠遠沒有「漢人」一詞的定義那麼清晰。 至於「滿族」作為一個民族的概念,大概要到「五族共和」提出之後,才得確立吧。

博大浩瀚的漢文化魔力強大,難以抗拒,當時滿人統治階級不但愛不釋手,並且需要用為工具,以治漢民,同時「滿漢隔離」並不徹底,「漢軍旗人」竟然不在隔離之列,滿人統治階級的完全漢化,於是毫無障礙。

滿人的漢化,讓他們感到承傳了五千年漢文化的漢人的可怕,也越發讓他們感到絕對不要被同化。滿漢之間,比之西方殖民者和被征服者的鴻溝,尤為巨大。這種「主奴」關係貫徹幾近三百年,到了1902年,旗人和漢人才得通婚,再過五年,朝廷方才被迫研究「如何化除滿漢畛域。」

滿漢之間的「主奴」關係,由於涉及政治因素,可是要比一般的主奴關係更為森嚴。滿族大臣,雖正名為大臣,但到皇上跟前,自稱「奴才」就好,以表示主奴之間的親切關係;可漢族大臣卻不得僭稱「奴才」,只能自稱為「臣」。這是表示作為人才,地位高貴,可以稱「臣」了;但作為漢人,身分低賤,還不配給皇上當「奴才」呢。

結合這些當時皇朝的政治現實來看,孫中山蔑稱滿人為「異種」,不為太過了。

皇朝覆滅之後,很多滿人十分惶恐,尤其皇族和貴族,紛紛遷居逃亡,並改漢姓,以隱瞞滿人身分,甚至不敢對子孫談及家族往事。

革命前夕,孫中山曾在1894年到北京上書李鴻章,提出改革的主張。如果當時朝廷竟然接納了他的主張,任命為「維新大臣」什麼的,他很可能就不會罵左宗棠等為「媚異種」的「漢奸」了!

一個國家、民族,當處於內憂外患,民族主義情緒就會高漲,而為政治家、軍事家所利用。民族情緒固然可以用以救國、抗敵,也可以用以成就野心家的一己功業。就算在今天各等教育比較普及的西方國家也不例外。 孫中山既要搞革命,他就不會不懂得好好利用這種無堅不摧的民族情緒。而他嘛,算是用得其所了,最終把腐敗無能的大清皇朝推翻。

那時候,在落後的中國,作為革命領袖,不管水平高低,畢竟只能說老百姓聽著順耳的話,做老百姓年看著順眼的事。敢於參加革命黨的熱血青年,一般沒有真正理解領袖的水平,他們擁戴領袖,往往只是因為領袖有「魅力」,而這所謂「魅力」,主要是感性成分,理性含量不高。換句話說,擁戴往往基於個人崇拜,甚至迷信。

民族情緒、愛國情緒如果沒有足量的公平、正義價值觀以調節它的平衡,必然就會偏頗,甚至會被高高打著「愛國」紅旗的野心家所利用。這所謂「愛國」,一旦掛在了嘴邊,連打個哈欠幾乎都會自動發放,往往就不那麼靠得住了。 有一種人會像個「多情美男子」,「見一個,愛一個」,因為在他的心目中,「愛」並不重要,最重要的是實際的交配和繁殖;又有一種人像個饞嘴的胖娃娃,「乳大就是娘」,因為在他的心目中,「娘」並不重要,最重要的是有奶可嘬。這樣的「美男子」和「胖娃娃」,其實都沒有長出真正的「心目」,他們都以「別的器官」為「心目」。

任何的「愛」,包括對國家、民族的愛,都是可以有情操,也可以無情操的。而這所謂「情操」,卻又是可以有理性,也可以無理性的。

你扯到的「國情教育」,這很有意思。 假若咱們的特別行政區政府和中央政府,它們的「開明度」達到了「國際先進水平」,那麼問題就很簡單了,基於思想言論自由的原則,學校和教師可以有自己的獨立看法,儘管意見離異,教育當局不必橫加狹隘的規範。認識國情,不等於認同國情的合理性,不等於有責任把莘莘學子導向「長遠愛國」或「忽然愛國」的目標。 「愛國」,也不等同把國家現存的一切,包括好人和壞人、好事物和壞事物,一攬子無條件通通都愛上!「愛國」,也不能像愛母親那樣無條件地愛。

今天的人民共和國,雖然經濟發展快速,但還不是一個民主政權。所謂「人民民主專政」,「專政」固然有餘,而「人民民主」不足。不但對人民實施嚴厲的意識形態控制,在國家的治理上,還常常出些或大或小、不許人民反對和問責的苛政。西方意識形態自由世界的「正義力量」和「偽善力量」,於是時刻要來「干涉」咱們的「內政」;而同樣來自西方世界的「反華勢力」,也天天要來給咱們指指點點、說三到四。 中央政府的「開明度」確實還遠遠沒有達到「國際先進水平」,面對它心目中的「反華勢力」,它的「國際安全感」已然不足,當然要對咱們這裏的一些「反中亂港」的教育人員們的負面作用予以抗衡,本地教育當局作為特區政府唯一擁有意識形態「塑造」能力的關鍵部門,它的「精英」們儘管過去在聯合王國治下養成了「優良」的「聽話」傳統,目前面對略帶「統戰」性質的處境,其中尷尬就不言而喻了。

2008/08/02

電郵致友人――拉雜僭談教育和「精英」

歷史上教育的「大偏差」,一般都是因為社會整體本來缺乏教育,或者說,教育不得普及。「統治精英」所受教育偏頗,教育人員本身所受教育也偏頗,至於人民,乾脆沒有充分教育。那樣的社會現實,那樣的教育質量,那樣的人民素質,教育自然不免嚴重偏差,甚至走入邪途,「教育理想」,更是無從談起了。

人民缺乏良好教育,素質自然低下,社會運作只得仰賴少數「統治精英」,迷信這些「統治精英」,別無他途。「精英」們拾得洋人牙慧,偶爾也會自稱為「人民公僕」,但更多的時候是尸位素餐,只顧自牟私利,甚至「騎在人民頭上」。 因缺乏教育而素質低下的老百姓就只知道樂天安命,自求多福;有時或會抱怨,卻不知道有問責之權,也不懂得行使這個權利。

高等教育普及,人民素質提高,少數「統治精英」的作用就不會那麼大。他們要幹得好,跟人民的作用互相配合,相得益彰,社會就能更快地進步;要幹不好,人民有水平和條件去監督,懂得提出有用的意見,懂得問責,也懂得自己採取有效的步驟去應變,不必坐以待斃,不必自怨「前生造孽,今生報應」。

好的教育的一個特徵,正是會產出敢冒天下之大不韙、敢移風易俗的人。十目所視,十手所指,吾往矣!這不是平庸之輩能幹得出來的事。

誰要捨「精英」而取「愚民」呢! 百萬「臭皮匠」,未必賽過一個諸葛亮。

「精英」作為一個籠統的社會階級,它有好有壞,有新有陳,有真有假,有實有虛,有清有濁,有美有醜,有智有愚,有優有劣,有賢有不肖,有「世家」有「跳階」。

有自認為「精英」,傲命不凡,自覺優越,卻思想封建,價值守舊,而才能平庸者。 有對社會作出顯著貢獻,被視為「精英」,卻參透優越感的動物本質,以「翹尾巴」為豬狗不如,不值一哂,而平等待人者。

落後的教育制度和內容所培育出來的所謂「精英」,多屬前者。

在原來不列顛殖民地價值和固有漢文化的等級觀念之下,本地的所謂「精英」,往往只是指的擁有某些學府的學位,那樣罷了,未必符合原詞 elite, 或者 crème de la crème 的本義。 就算名不副實,就算尸位素餐,也只好一律叫個「精英」了。當然,這其中不少只是些「跳階愚劣精英」和「世家不肖精英」。

只要確實持有人們崇拜的某些文憑,只要確是缺乏良好教育的人們堅不可摧的迷信對象,這些所謂的「精英」,不管好壞,不管真假,不管智愚,不管賢不肖,到底還是客觀存在,也都只能叫個「精英」。

在這裏,政治還沒有充分民主化,社會到處充斥著不合理的傳統價值。不正義,不公平的事物仍然無處不在,人們往往視為理所當然,不以為謬,或者不敢以為謬。

這些自視為「精英」,或者被認定為「精英」,而得享高官厚祿,得據社會高位者,已然客觀存在,根深柢固,除非經濟崩潰,誘發「暴力革命」,摧毀系統,否則無可取代。他們倘若一向懂得既然享供厚祿,就該以民為先,鞠躬盡瘁,以改變社會的落後面貌為己任,則就今天香港的人均產值而言,咱們的教育應已達到「國際先進水平」才對。 那麼一來,就該不必連個副局長、政治助理什麼的,都竟然並非本地培育,而得來自「耶佛」、「牛橋」等西方名牌學府了!

高等教育,就是讓人學會思考,而且是獨立的深層理性思考,不是人云亦云,鸚鵡學舌;學會應變,而且是應對複雜的社會規模的多端變化,不是找門路,鑽空子;學會創新,而且是天馬行空,無中生有的創新,不是抄襲影射,假冒偽劣的勾當。

由於既得利益階層迷於私利,缺乏遠見,香港高等教育過去發展滯緩,雖則近年急速「擴展」和「改革」,仍然根柢薄弱。現今教育系統裏師資的直接、間接來源,主要是西方英語世界,而所謂「一流人才」,「純洋的」多不願意「東來屈就」,「漂白的」多不願意「回流冒險」,於是「二三流人員」充斥。

過去二十年間,由於被動脫離英治,主動抗拒內地人才南來的現實需要,發展過於急速,「生產線」的設計並未完善,其「產品」自然難免粗製濫造,良莠不齊了。

然而,假以時日,如果方向不致走得太偏,人們的社會歸屬感得到建立,打破「西朝迷信」,教育質量當能有所改善,起碼僅在大學畢業生的一般學術水平,可望有所提高。

普及高等教育,並不是說的人人無條件讓進經營成本奇高的大學,也非一旦進了大學,保證都能畢業。還得年輕人自己樂意就學,還得達到一定學業水平,方能入學,方能畢業。

大學門檻應予降低,採用合理可行的學分制度,很多學系不必限期完成,助學金當放寬,讓大部分適齡青年可以從容接受高等教育。

這該是一個相當富裕的社會能夠實行的教育政策。 這種政策的最終效果,除了讓社會趨於均富,也肯定能創造更多財富,讓人民的歸屬感增強,對社會作出貢獻的積極性提高。

高等教育一旦普及,社會不必一個勁地迷信「名校」,不必一個勁地迷信某些學府的文憑。選賢與能,還得看個人長期的實際表現。人人得靠真才實學獲得就業機會,不學無術者難憑一兩次考試,一兩紙文憑而蒙混過關,濫竽充數,魚目混珠。這麼一來,莘莘學子自然就會用功學習,素質自當逐年提高。

理想不一定都能達到,但不能沒有理想。 高官厚祿而鼠目寸光,理想連講都懶怠講,乾脆尸位素餐,這不是人幹的事!

目下的社會現實裏,教育制度不理想,人民素質不高,不可能有社會層面的大規模快速改進。 咱們就只有這麼點「精英」,也就只能指望這些「精英」們能良心發現,多幹點為國為民的好事了。多加有效的批評,是鞭韃他們,讓他們改進的唯一方法。 實際上也只有「精英」們有反思自省,拆棄懶骨媚骨,換上風骨傲骨,洗心革面,立地改進的條件。因為不管所受教育是好是壞,他們畢竟讀書較多。

這正是為什麼我們對「精英」們要有所要求,唯其如是,社會改革才能和平地,較快地進行。

民主的確不一定為社會帶來良好的教育,唯其如是,教育應當先行,或者和民主發展同步。 高等教育先要得到普及,民主才能充分發揮它的優勢。很多教育落後的地區,民主往往虛有其名,而無其實;或者運作錯亂,弊端頻生。但咱們不能說,既然老百姓大多沒受什麼教育,縱有主見,質量太低。社會因此不宜有民主,還是一切讓「精英」們說了算比較穩妥,比較保險,否則勢必引起社會動盪! 這種說法是天下間最大的謬誤。民主並不是要讓沒有機會上過一天小學的貧農去當總統,只是讓他有行使選擇總統的天賦公民權罷了。 民主是讓社會整體不斷和平改革的唯一途徑。

由於教育不濟,咱們這社會嘛,智愚大別,貧富懸殊,階級分化嚴重,在政治認同上東西異極,南轅北轍;對「偉大的、光榮的、正確的黨」專政下的人民共和國的理解和期望,都存在極大的歧異。民主政治的發展進程,因政黨扯皮,和中央政府的疑慮,目前還只能蹣跚摸索,實行著四不像的制度。

壞教育在精英主義的教育制度下運作,透過教育分化出主奴的階級身分,分化出個體素質的智愚之別。它可以把人民奴化,蠢化,以符合不公平,不正義的社會的實際需要。 如果高等教育得到普及,人民整體水平提高,就沒人願意為奴,也沒人自甘愚昧。這麼一來,滋生不公不義的事物的溫床,自然得以減少。人民的法治精神,和社會立法,執法及司法制度的水平,其維持,提高和改進,都有賴教育去配合。有良好教育的社會,人民才會真正明白正義,公平的意義;才會珍視正義,公平的價值;對自覺憑良心做好事,有比較牢固的信念,不必事事訴諸刑法。 儘管有人還會見利忘義,還會損人利己,但不會是普遍現象。